OSCAR
WILDE, THE IRISH DRAMATIST
(1854
– 1900)
By: Catherine Prisilia (61413001)
The
Biography of Oscar Wilde
Oscar Wilde is an Irish writer, dramatist, and poet. Actually his
name is Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde but people known him as Oscar
Wilde. He was born in Dublin, Ireland on October, 16th 1854. He was
died in Paris, France on November, 30th 1900. He died when he was 46
years old. His father’s name is Sir William Wilde. His father’s occupation is ophthalmologists and ear. His mother’s name is Jane
Francesca Elgee. However since Jane got married with William Wilde, her name became
Jane Wilde. His mother’s occupation is famous poet writer in Europe and her
fake name is ‘Speranza’. Oscar Wilde is the second child of 3 brothers and
sisters.
His father, William Wilde had built his own eye
hospital that the costs are from his money. Before he married with Jane
Francesca Elgee, William Wilde has 3 Children. The first child is Henry Wilson
that was born in 1838. The second child is Emily that was born in 1847, and the
last child is Mary that was born in 1849. However, Emily and Mary died when
they were 22 years old and 24 years old because of fire accident.
After that Oscar Wilde’s father married with Jane
Francesca Elgee. From his marriage with Jane, William got 3 Children. The first
child is William Charles Kingsbury that people known him as ‘Willie’. Willie
was born in September 26th 1852. The second Child is Oscar Fingal
O’Flahertie Wills Wilde that people known as Oscar Wilde. The last child is
Isola Emily Francesca that people known as Emily. She was born in April 2nd
1857.
During school, Oscar and his brother, Willie school
at Portora Royal School in Enniskillen. Oscar is smart in classic lesson and
always become runner up in drawing competition. In 1867 Oscar’s sister, was
died and it was the heaviest beat for Oscar Wilde. Since his sister’s death,
Oscar Wilde always bring his sister’s lock of hair in his envelope during his
lifetime.
After graduate from Portora Royal High School, Oscar
Wilde got scholarship to continue his college to Trinity College in Dublin,
Ireland. In Trinity College, Oscar always got good mark in Classic Class. Therefore,
he got the best student in his first national examination in 1872 and got
foundation scholarship from Trinity College. In 1874, Oscar graduated from
Trinity College and got Berkeley Gold Medal from Greek Literature and got
Demyship Scholarship to study in Magdalen College in Oxford.
On April 19th 1876, Oscar’s father,
William Wilde was died. His father’s death made Oscar’s family lost their
source of income. Therefore, his step brother, Henry became the Backbone of
Oscar’s family. Henry fund the Oscar’s home improvement tax and Oscar’s
family’s costs of living. However, in 1877 Oscar’s step brother, Henry died
suddenly. In Magdalen College, Oxford Oscar always got achievement. He got
Newdigate Awards because of his poem that the title is Ravenna and he got the
best student from his poem that he created to thesis. The title is Mods and
Greats. After he graduated in Magdalen College, Oxford, he moved into England
with his best friend, Frank Miles.
In London, England, Oscar Wilde had published his
collection of poems. However, his poems got many critics from many literature
lovers. However, the critics and appreciation from many literature lovers did
not made him lost his spirit, but made his spirit arise again to make many poem
that better than his first poem. In December 1881, Oscar Wilde went to New York
to give some discourse about aesthetic topics. Actually, he spent his time in
New York about 4 months but in reality he spent his time in New York about a
year.
During his activity in New York, he spent his time
to meet Hnery F. Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and Walt Whitman. With
them, Oscar Wilde had created the theatre script to perform in the end of his
visit in New York. The theatre script title is Vera. After he spent his time in
New York, America, he went back to Paris. He went back to Paris because he
should create script theatre for Mary Anderson, actress in Paris. However, when
he had done his script theatre, Mary avoided it. So, finally, Oscar Wilde went
back to Ireland and England.
In May, 29th 1884, Oscar Wilde got
married with his girlfriend that her name is Constance Lloyd. Constance Lloyd
is a daughter of deceased lawyer that dead when Constance was 16 years old.
From his marriage, he got 2 daughters. The first daughter’s name is Cyrill
Wilde that was born in 1885 and the second daughter is Vyvyan Wilde that was
born in 1886. During his lifetime with his family, Oscar Wilde’s received his
job as a writer for Woman’s World Magazine in 1887 – 1889. Oscar Wilde had
written many poems and many script theatres. He had published two stories for
children. They are: The Happy Prince and Other Tales that published in 1888 and
The House of Pomegranates that published in 1892.
The performamce of Oscar’s first script theatre is
Lady Windemere’s Fan in 1892. This theatre got many good appreciations and got
much income. It made him sure to write script theatre again. His famous script
theatres that written by Oscar Wilde is: A Woman No Importance that published
in 1893, An Ideal Husband that published in 1895, and The Importance of Being
Earnest that published in 1895.
On 1890, Oscar Wilde released his first novel that
the title is The Picture of Dorian Gray. It published in American Magazine and
got many protest from literature lovers. Then, Oscar developed his novel became
better than before in the next year. However the theme of The Picture of Dorian
Gray is about homosexual and it is amoral in Victorian Era.
In summer on 1891, Oscar met Lord Alfred Bossie
Douglass that people known as Bossie. Bossie is the 3rd child from
Quinsberry aristocrat. Bossie is Oscar Wilde’s fans. He likes Oscar Wilde
because of his famous novel that the title is The Picture of Dorian Gray and he
is Oscar Wilde’s classmate when he studied in Magdalen College, Oxford. Until a
short period, they become a couple.
In April 1895, Oscar Wilde was arrested in jail
because of his homosexual relationship with Bossie. He had requested about the
suspension of detention but finally, he was sentenced to 2 years of forced
labour. Then, his wife and daughters, Constance, Cyrill, and Vyvyan left him
and moved into Switzerland and change their last name become ‘Holland’.
During his punishment time, Oscar Wilde had written
novel that the title is The Ballad of the Gaol as his expression of his
feelings during in jail. His novel had published when his ex-wife, Constance
dead because of backbone operation. Oscar’s ex-wife died in Genoa, Italy. His
novel is published in 1898. After he
released from jail, Oscar met Bossie and spent their lifetime in Paris, France.
In November 30th 1900, he died because of Meningitis.
The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)
The Importance of Being Earnest is the script
theatre that written by Oscar Wilde. It published in 1895. The genre of this
drama is comedy. Oscar Wilde made this drama because he inspired by W.S Gilbert’s
script theatre that the title is engagedI. It performed in St. James Theatre in
London, England on February 14th 1895. This drama has 3 acts.
The characters that played in Oscar Wilde’s drama
are: John Worthing J.P that also known as Jack or Earnest. John Worthing J.P is
the main character of Oscar Wilde’s drama. Then there is Algernon Moncrieff.
Algernon is charming, idle, bachelor, and Lady Bracknell’s nephew. Then the 3rd
character is Gwendolen Fairfax. Gwendolen Fairfax is Algernon’s cousin. Then
the 4th character is Cecily Cardew. Cecily is the old woman who
found John in the black bag in train station. The 5th character is
Lady Bracknell. Lady Bracknell is Algernon’s aunt. The 6th character
is Miss Prism. Miss Prism is Cecily’s private teacher. The 7th
character is Rev. Canon Chasuble, D.D. Rev. Canon Chasuble is John’s and
Algernon’s friend. The 8th character is Lane. Lane is Algernon’s
mainservant. The last character is Merriman. Merriman is Algernon’s chief of
mainservant.
The first act in The Importance of Being Earnest is
Algernon that lived in London received the guest that the name is John. John is
Algernon’s best friend. John came to Algernon’s house because he wanted to take
Gwendolen as his wife. However, Algernon disagree and asked John about John’s
cigarette case that left in his house. John said that the cigarette case is his
but Algernon curious because of the written inside of John’s cigarette case.
John said that the cigarette case is given by Uncle Jack to Cindy, his aunt.
However, after Algernon pressing John, John said that he has 2 names. In
country, his name is Jack and in town his name is Ernest. Besides that, Jack
said that in country he has a brother named Ernest that he is illness so, he
can make a reason when he wanted to go to country. When Gwendolen and Lady
Bracknell came to Algernon’s house, Jack asked her to become his wife and
Gwendolen accept it because she wanted to marry with the man who his name is
Ernest. However, Lady Bracknell disagreed because Jack’s background is not
clear. Jack said that he is orphan and he is found in the black bag in train
station.
The second act in The Importance of Being Earnest is
Algernon is curious with Cecily then visit her in the country. In Cecily’s
house Algernon said that he is Earnest, Jack’s brother. Finally, Algernon and Cecily got engage
because Cecily wanted to marry with the man that named is Ernest. In other
side, the real Ernest (also known as Jack) came from town and met Miss Prism,
Cecily’s private teacher and the preacher that his name is Chasuble. Jack told
that his brother, Ernest was died in Paris, France. Finally, Ernest (also known
as Algernon) came and said that he is the real Ernest.
The third act in The Importance of Being Earnest is
Lady Bracknell came to country to find Gwendolen and Algernon. She asked to
Miss Prism about is Miss Prism a teacher? Chasuble said that Miss Prism is
Cecily’s private teacher. When Miss Prism arrived in her house, Lady Bracknell
came to her house and asked about the baby that left in black bag in train
station. Jack thought that Miss Prism is his mother. Miss Prism said that she
found the baby who left in Black bag in train station. Finally, Jack knew that
his real name is Ernest. Jack knew that he is Lady Bracknell’s sister’s son.
His name is inspired by his father’s name ‘Ernest’.
The famous quote that said
by Oscar Wilde in the script theatre that the title is The Importance of Being
Earnest is “The truth is rarely pure and never simple.”
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